Biopharmaceutical innovation has significantly improved public health, saving billions of lives, enhancing quality of life, and driving economic growth. This progress depends on a symbiosis between public funding for basic research and private funding for drug development. Patents and regulatory exclusivities are essential to protect exceptionally large R&D investments, enabling the private sector to translate scientific research into drugs and treatments. This report provides a practical overview of the functions of intellectual property rights in the life sciences ecosystem, aiming to enrich and foster a balanced and factually informed debate on innovation policy in the biopharmaceutical sector.
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